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Educational
Thousands of years ago at the Earth's core, carbon crystallized under extreme heat forming what we call a 'diamond'. In some instances and under extremely rare accidents of nature other substances mixed with the carbon causing the composition to change and ultimately created a colored diamond. After the formation, violent volcanic eruptions pushed a substance called kimberlite carrying the crystallized carbon to the surface, where it was then discovered by humans.
The word 'diamond' actually comes from the Greek word for "unconquerable," and throughout history, the diamond was held in high regard by ancient kings from China, India, Egypt, and across Europe for its incredible strength, as it can not be scratched by any other known material.
Before the 18th Century almost all diamonds were found in India, who naturally dominated the trade. In the beginning only two trade routes to Europe have been recorded. One starting in India, leading to Constantinople, and ending in Italian cities. The other starting in the Saudi Peninsula, and traveling by water from Egypt to Europe.
During this time, diamonds were also revered by Arab princes, who bought the largest diamonds from the traders traveling to Europe and Chinese noble men. In China, the diamond was honored as a symbol of wealth and was used as an engraving tool by the wealthiest nobility. The diamond was an icon, desired for its unbeatable strength rather than for its beauty.
A change occurred during the second half of the 15th century when the French Dukes of Burgundy wore diamond jewelry as a sign of wealth and luxury. At the end of the 15th century, Austrian Archduke Maximilian gave a diamond ring to his fiancé, constituting the tradition of giving a diamond as a symbol of love and eternal commitment. The ring was placed on the fourth finger of the left hand, due to superstition that the finger holds a direct link to the heart, and so holds the tradition of placing the engagement ring on this finger.
As the diamond became increasingly popular, its demand increased as well, depleting the diamond mines in India. It was around the same time, at the beginning of the 18th century, when the Indian mines were drying up that diamonds were discovered in both Brazil and South Africa. The Brazilian mines, however, ran dry within the century, leaving South Africa to discover the world's largest and most famous diamonds in the world, only second to those found in India. Today diamonds are mined in Angola, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, China, Ghana, Namibia, Russia, South Africa, and Zaire. The major cutting centers are in Antwerp, Bombay, New York, and Tel Aviv.
Today, diamonds are not only for the wealthy. With technology, the diversity of diamonds have made the diamond even more popular and everyone can find them affordable. This century will be the most prosperous for the diamond as new cuts are discovered and new designs for jewelry include diamonds.